23 de mayo de 1985: Steve Jobs, amargado por haber sido despedido de su puesto al frente de la división Macintosh, intenta organizar un golpe de estado en la junta directiva para arrebatarle el control de Apple al director ejecutivo John Sculley.
El cofundador de Apple, de 30 años, planea destituir a Sculley mientras el director ejecutivo se encuentra en un viaje de negocios en China. Desafortunadamente para Jobs, comete un gran error cuando intenta conseguir el apoyo del CEO de Apple. Jean Louis GassiQuien le informa a Scully de la trama.
Es el principio del fin del primer mandato de Jobs en Apple.
La caída en desgracia de Steve Jobs en Apple
Lo sorprendente de la expulsión de Jobs de Apple es lo rápido que ocurrió. Hace apenas dos años, Sculley se unió a Apple como su tercer CEOElegido por Jobs. La idea era que Jobs, que era presidente de Apple, dirigiera la empresa junto con Sculley.
Pero en 1985, las tensiones estaban aumentando en Cupertino. Los empleos se han convertido en una fuerza disruptiva. Participó habitualmente en proyectos que no tenían nada que ver con él. Su brusco estilo de gestión contenía destellos de la grandeza que mostraría más adelante en su carrera, pero sin muchas de las otras habilidades que eventualmente lo convertirían en un gran líder.
Después de un buen comienzoLas ventas de Macintosh también resultaron decepcionantes, lo que empeoró las cosas.
Los enfrentamientos de Jobs con Sculley se volvieron muy malos, Durante la reunión de la Junta Directiva de abril de 1985, el director ejecutivo amenazó con dimitir a menos que Jobs fuera despojado de su puesto de vicepresidente ejecutivo y director de la división Macintosh. Como resultado, Jobs perdió poder operativo dentro de Apple. Sin embargo, como Sculley realmente lo respetaba, Jobs siguió siendo presidente de la empresa.
Steve Jobs está planeando un golpe de estado en la sala de juntas
Pero Jobs no estaba contento. Le suplicó a Scully que recuperara su antiguo trabajo. Cuando eso no funcionó, sugirió rotundamente que Scully renunciara. Scully se negó. Luego, Jobs comenzó a planear en secreto hacerse cargo de Apple y a reclutar personas para ayudarlo. Jobs encontró algunos partidarios dentro de la empresa, pero se le advirtió que la mayoría de la junta directiva no lo apoyaría.
Sin embargo, ignoró este consejo y continuó con su golpe imprudente en la junta directiva de Apple.
La fallida adquisición del CEO de Apple, John Sculley, por parte de Steve Jobs
Una de las personas a las que Jobs le habló de sus planes fue Jean-Louis Gassé, un ejecutivo nueve años mayor que él y que dirigía las operaciones europeas de Apple. Gassée pasó la información al director legal de Apple, Al Eisenstat, y a Sculley. El director ejecutivo canceló inmediatamente un viaje previsto a China.
Sculley convocó la reunión del 24 de mayo, a la que asistió con Jobs. Jobs defendió su caso diciendo que creía que Sculley era malo para Apple y que no era la persona adecuada para dirigirla.
“Realmente deberías dejar esta empresa”, le dijo Jobs a Scully. “Estoy más preocupado por Apple que nunca. Tengo miedo de ti. No sabes cómo trabajar, y nunca lo hiciste. John, ¡te manejas mediante un monólogo! No entiendes el proceso de desarrollo de productos. “.
Los líderes de Apple apoyan a Sculley mientras fracasa el intento de golpe de Jobs en la sala de juntas
A pesar de ello, la junta directiva de Apple ha dejado claro que apoyará a Sculley. El intento de golpe en la junta directiva fracasó. Después de unos días más de declive, Jobs fue empujado aún más lejos del poder. Se mudó a una oficina remota en Apple, a la que llamó “Siberia” debido a su distancia del corazón de la empresa.
Unos meses más tarde, trabajos Renunció para fundar una empresa llamada NeXT. A diferencia de los acontecimientos descritos en la película de Danny Boyle. Steve JobsSculley y el cofundador de Apple nunca volvieron a hablarse.
May 11, 1998: As part of his mission to turn Apple around, Steve Jobs spells out the company’s strategy for the Mac operating system going forward.
The company will ship Mac OS 8.5 and the first customer release of an OS called Rhapsody that fall, he says at Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference in San Jose, California. The big news, however, is that Apple is hard at work creating a major new operating system called OS X.
OS X: Revitalizing the Mac operating system
Bringing a new operating system to Apple provided the impetus for Jobs to rejoin the company in the late 1990s. In his years away from Apple after his failed boardroom coup in 1985, Jobs founded a new company called NeXT. At first, NeXT made computers. But by 1993, this strategy failed. Jobs then focused the company on producing software.
After ditching its hardware division, NeXT partnered with Sun Microsystems to turn its NeXTSTEP operating system into OpenStep, an attempt to create a cross-platform API standard. NeXT’s software brought several big advantages. An object-oriented, multitasking, UNIX-based operating system, it proved far ahead of what most companies offered at the time.
Apple, meanwhile, struggled with its own operating system. While System 7 worked better than the smash hit Windows 95, the gap between the rival operating systems was narrower than many Apple fans wanted to believe. For several years, Apple poured resources into developing Copland, a new OS that supposedly would give the Mac the edge it needed.
Around this time, Jobs returned to Apple when the company acquired NeXT with the goal of developing a new operating system.
Steve Jobs’ two-becomes-one strategy for Mac OS
In July 1997, Apple introduced Mac OS 8. While well-received commercially and critically, it didn’t represent the top-to-bottom refresh of the Macintosh operating system many deemed necessary.
Mac OS 8.5 was therefore something of a stopgap. However, it did introduce a few neat features like the Sherlock search utility, antialiasing font smoothing, themes that could change the default Apple Platinum look and various performance upgrades. It ultimately shipped on October 17, 1998.
Apple’s Rhapsody operating system, meanwhile, supposedly would smooth the transition of Mac OS to an OS based on NeXT’s technology. It used NeXTSTEP 4.2 as its starting point, then Apple-ized it using a look and feel that resembled OS 8. A Rhapsody Developer Release shipped in August 1997, but no home version ever came out.
The birth of Mac OS X
Instead, Apple wisely folded much of the Rhapsody technology into OS X, which first shipped for Apple’s new Mac OS X Server 1.0 operating system in 1999. It arrived on Mac OS X in 2001.
In hindsight, Apple’s strategy of focusing on two different operating systems, which would then fold into one, confused people. It seemed especially strange given the radical simplification Jobs pursued on the software side.
Nonetheless, this was an incredibly exciting time to be an Apple fan. Jobs painted a compelling picture of how the next few years of computing would play out.
What are your memories of Apple from this time? Leave your comments below.
April 29, 2010: Steve Jobs pens “Thoughts on Flash,” an open letter to explain why, basically, Adobe Flash kind of sucks. The letter marks the beginning of the end for the once-omnipresent plugin that powered multimedia in internet browsers for years.
Following the devastatingly blunt broadside, Adobe Systems CEO Shantanu Narayen hits back at Apple, arguing against Jobs’ complaints. But the Apple CEO has clearly made up his mind: iOS devices will never support Flash. The writing is on the wall.
Steve Jobs has some ‘Thoughts on Flash’
Jobs voiced several serious complaints about Flash. He said it drained batteries, caused computer crashes, and suffered from poor security. He also said the software didn’t work particularly well on mobile because it failed to support touch devices properly. Simply put, Jobs wrote, “Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content.”
Apple published the open letter, signed by Jobs, on its website. (Today, it no longer appears to be part of the site.)
According to Bob Burrough, a former software development manager at Apple, Cupertino explored the possibility of using Flash on iPhone. But Jobs had no faith that Adobe would adequately address the software’s security problems.
Nonetheless, Adobe’s boss fired back at Apple. He disputed allegations that Flash was bad for battery life and said that computer crashes were the fault of Apple’s own software. But the damage was done.
Apple vs. Adobe: The Flash war
At the time, tech pundits put both Apple and Adobe on blast. They either backed Apple’s complaints or vehemently disagreed with them. In retrospect, it seems like Jobs was absolutely correct to raise concerns about Flash.
Adobe finally pulled the plug on Flash in January 2021. And today, Flash will be an afterthought for many users. However, Jobs’ public callout made massive news in 2010. Ultimately, his scathing letter made the internet a better place for everyone.
Also on this day…
1997: Larry Ellison calls off Apple takeover plans
Steve Jobs’ friend Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle, calls off his bid to take over Apple. Ellison’s plan was to reinstall Jobs (then just an adviser to Apple CEO Gil Amelio) as the company’s chief executive. He also wanted to take Apple private again. Keep reading…
The original iPad was important enough to get its own live on-stage introduction by the late Steve Jobs. It was such a revolutionary idea that it predates the iPhone and we might’ve been using Apple‘s first tablet in 2007 if Steve Jobs hadn’t steered the technology to a pocketable format.
After the January 27, 2010 launch, the world, for a time, seemed to revolve around Apple’s iPad, a silicon, glass, and metal gadget so ground-breaking it rated its own storyline on the then wildly popular Modern Family TV series (it was really like a 22-minute ad with a lot of jokes).
It’s a different story for the iPads we’re expecting on May 7. Instead of a big, breathless live event, Apple will launch the tablets (and probably a new Apple Pencil) virtually. That means a pre-taped, Apple CEO Tim Cook-hosted affair that will breeze through four or more new gadgets with deep dives into the new screen technology (OLED?), new designs (thinner than ever!), wireless charging (oh, please make this so), and a completely reimagined Apple Pencil.
It’ll be exciting, in a way, but also anti-climactic.
The first and best true tablet
(Image credit: Lance Ulanoff)
14 years ago, I sat in the audience as Steve Jobs explained his vision for a post-PC world and the need for a device that sat between the then-popular Netbook laptops and its own wildly successful iPhone. Jobs didn’t just explain this: behind him, the word “iPad” dramatically materialized between a netbook and an iPhone.
Jobs, a tiny figure before the screen, held up the iPad to wild applause.
From that point forward, Jobs dove into the demo, showing us photos, maps, newspapers, and apps on the 9.7-inch iOS screen (there was no iPadOS back then). As radical as the iPad introduction appeared, Jobs knew that we already understood the product. Since there are 75 million iPhones and iPods sold, there are, said Jobs, “over 75 million people who already know how to use the iPad.”
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Like the showman he was, Jobs didn’t hold back on hyperbole, declaring, “Our most advanced technology in a magical and revolutionary product at an unbelievable price.” Much like the iPhone before it, the iPad started at a relatively affordable $499 and has only gotten more expensive since then.
A new era
Image 1 of 3
(Image credit: Lance Ulanoff)
(Image credit: Lance Ulanoff)
(Image credit: Lance Ulanoff)
Months later at the AllThingsD conference, Jobs said, “PCs are going to be like trucks. They are still going to be around [but] one out of x people will need them.” Later he added, “We like to talk about the post-PC era, but when it really starts to happen, it’s uncomfortable.”
I praised Jobs as an “oracle,” and the numbers backed him up. By 2011, Apple was reporting 15 million iPads sold and owned 90% of the tablet market share.
Job, though, was wrong and, in the intervening years, the iPad seen diminishing sales and has twisted itself through iPadOS updates and keyboard accessories into another ultra-computer option. It’s a tablet but also a personal computer or “PC”. There is no post-PC world, just a world of laptops and tablets that are racing toward the middle.
While the iPad has, with the Magic Keyboard and mouse support, become more laptop-like, traditional Windows laptops have adopted tablet features like touchscreens and stylus support.
The question for this next generation of iPads is whether they will further blur the line between PCs and tablets or reestablish the distinction. It was a self-contained slab that could do it all, without accessories
Aside from describing access to a full-size virtual keyboard (and, yes, a hardware keyboard that was almost unusable because it positioned the iPad just millimeters away from the top row of keys), Steve Jobs in 2010 illustrated how you could accomplish myriad entertainment, content, and productivity task through a touch screen. He positioned the original iPad as the best book and newspaper reader (The New York Times was a launch-day partner) but also a fantastic gaming platform. It could be your word processor and your spreadsheet manager. It was lighter than a Netbook but far prettier and a lot more fun to use.
Is it a PC?
(Image credit: Lance Ulanoff)
Today’s iPad, iPad Mini, and especially iPad Pro are laptops in tablet’s clothing. With Apple Silicon (up to the M2 in the iPad Pro), they match the performance of last-generation MacBook Airs. The new models will surely feature M3 chips.
I’m not sorry the post-PC idea is dead. When Jobs floated it, I worked at a publication with “PC” in the name. I also knew consumers might not care so much about such technology labels. They loved the original iPad because it did so many things that a device of that form factor had never done (at least well) before. It satisfied their cravings for content and entertainment and, to their surprise, was built to last.
Apple iPads sold 8 or 9 years ago are still working, which is of course part of the problem. You can’t be Post-anything if the products last forever.
For the iPad line, the potential to alter the trajectory of computing is gone but the opportunity to reestablish its place in the mobile technology market remains. Let’s see if Apple chooses a new path.
April 10, 1985: During a fateful meeting, Apple CEO John Sculley threatens to resign unless the company’s board of directors removes Steve Jobs as executive VP and general manager of the Macintosh division.
This triggers a series of events that will ultimately result in Jobs’ exit. The marathon board meeting — which continued for several hours the next day — results in Jobs losing his operating role within the company, but being allowed to stay on as chairman. Things don’t exactly play out like that.
Steve Jobs vs. John Sculley
As noted last week in “Today in Apple history,” Sculley joined Apple after a remarkable run as president of PepsiCo. He had no background in high-tech products, but was considered a marketing genius. Apple’s board figured his advertising savvy would prove invaluable for growing the nascent personal computer industry.
With Jobs considered too young and inexperienced to run Apple, the idea was that he and Sculley would manage the company together in a sort of partnership. However, a number of problems arose that kept this from playing out as planned.
One was that sales of the Macintosh 128K — launched soon after Sculley arrived at Apple — proved disappointing. Unlike previous Apple flops such as the Apple III and Lisa, this caused Apple’s first quarterly loss. The company laid off a large number of employees as a result.
In addition, Jobs remained an incredibly disruptive presence at Apple. A perfectionist who could be incredibly insightful, he hadn’t yet learned the skills that made him a brilliant CEO and manager later in his career. In addition, he continually bad-mouthed Sculley behind his back, undermining the CEO’s authority.
Forcing Sculley’s hand on Macintosh
Sculley envisioned Jobs taking on a role similar to the one he ultimately occupied years later, during his last years at Apple: focusing on finding the next insanely great product to bring to market.
During the pivotal meeting that took place on this day in 1985, Jobs and Sculley made separate appeals to the Apple board, which ultimately supported Sculley unanimously.
That could have settled things, but Jobs kept pushing. The following month, he confronted Sculley again. Jobs asked for another shot at proving himself by running the Mac division.
A shouting match, a showdown and an incurable rift between Jobs and Sculley
When Sculley refused, Jobs began yelling at him. The two got into a shouting match. Jobs then began planning a coup to kick Sculley out of Apple, although the board once again sided with the CEO.
After a few more failed proposals from Jobs — including the unrealistic suggestion that he could take over as CEO and president, with Sculley relegated to chairman — the Apple co-founder eventually resigned from the company on September 16, 1985. (Ironically, he quit on exactly the same day that he would return to become Apple CEO in 1997.)
Jobs and Sculley, who previously enjoyed a very close relationship, never spoke again.
Researching the institutions you’re applying for can help you personalize your application.Credit: Getty
Academic careers are meant to follow a set trajectory: PhD student, postdoctoral researcher, tenure-track job. But when we were thinking about what to do after our PhDs, we decided to skip the postdoc stage and go straight for tenure-track jobs owing to visa restrictions (Q.L., an international student at the time) and financial considerations (V.R., who had the looming pressure to pay student loans while supporting a family). Our mentors and peers were sceptical. A faculty member advised one of us (Q.L.) against it. Even we weren’t sure we could do it — but we did. By the end of our PhDs, we had received 15 tenure-track offers between us.
At a professional-development workshop, we were able to tell the discouraging faculty member that we would be starting our laboratories, not working as postdocs. His response — “I guess I was wrong” — was a moment of vindication for us. In proving others wrong, we had also disproved our own doubts of success.
We’ve previously shared our advice for maintaining an organized and successful job hunt. Here, we aim to demystify the interview process, showing that, even when the road seems impossible, there are routes to achieving your goals. We think that, with determination, support and a clear understanding of one’s values and goals, the academic-job market can be navigated successfully, even for those who, like us, choose to forgo the typical postdoc route.
Divas, captains, ghosts, ants and bumble-bees: collaborator attitudes explained
PhD students aspiring to tenure-track positions must recognize that, beyond the standard interview preparation, you should have a good record of research. We were unusual PhD graduates: by the time V.R. applied, she had published about 90 peer-reviewed papers after working full-time as a data analyst before starting her PhD (she also worked part-time during the PhD). In addition, V.R. had received several nationally competitive awards and fellowships. Q.L. had published more than 25 peer-reviewed papers, released 2 software packages (with more than 30,000 downloads), developed 3 web apps for statistical analysis and received prestigious research awards and funding.
Both of us also had master’s degrees in quantitative methods.
We aim to demystify the pre-interview screening and on-campus interviews. Interviewing can be nerve-wracking, and so we provide practical advice and insights on the basis of our personal experiences.
Research the institutions, departments and locations
Before a prescreening interview, do your homework on the institutions and departments. Familiarize yourself with faculty members and their research. Identify centres and institutes that complement your work and early-career programmes that would help you as you launch your career. Also, research the location and be ready to answer questions about why you want to live there. For example, we noticed that interviews were more likely to come from universities in states that we already had ties to — by having studied there or having lived in a nearby state. Personal motivations might make or break an interview; because faculty searches are costly, the search committee might take into consideration the likelihood of you coming to, living in and staying around the area.
People, passion, publishable: an early-career researcher’s checklist for prioritizing projects
Don’t start your job talk from scratch
Job talks are central to the faculty job search. The talk typically summarizes the core themes of your research and discusses your published, ongoing and future work as a cohesive and engaging narrative. At the end of the talk, you should have convinced the department that your work is important and fundable, that you will thrive at their institution, that you would be a great fit as a colleague and that you can teach students. Using materials from previous talks can ensure that you are familiar with the details, help you to feel more at ease and hopefully allow you to discuss your work more confidently. V. R. used some of her slides from talks she gave for her master’s degree, qualifying exams and dissertation proposal. Q.L. made slides from past posters and presentations that had already been refined and rehearsed.
Anticipate common interview questions
Prepare for a range of interview questions, and have a cohesive story ready about your research and why moving to that institution fits with your future research. In first-round online screening interviews, it was common to get questions about our teaching philosophy, future goals and fit with the department as well as why we would want to live in that particular location. We received fewer questions than we expected during in-person interviews; those were more about allowing us to ask questions about the department, culture, institution and what it’s like living in the area. We both had lists of questions that we asked depending on whether we were talking to, students or faculty members (junior, senior, out-of-area or teaching).
Demonstrate enthusiasm and engagement
Show genuine enthusiasm for the position and the opportunity to contribute to the institution’s academic community, both ahead of and during an interview. Engage with the interviewers by asking thoughtful questions about their research, departmental culture, teaching or the resources available. This demonstrates your interest in becoming an active and valued member of the department. Many in-person interviews involved one-on-one discussions with faculty members, as well as group interviews with students. V.R. learnt the hard way that yes, some might even ask inappropriate, and sometimes illegal, questions — on topics such as age, marriage or children. It’s helpful to have prepared answers, or deflections, for such questions.
Violeta Rodriguez is now a tenure-track assistant professor.Credit: Violeta Rodriguez
Prepare for on-campus interviews
If you progress to the on-campus interview stage, prepare extensively by reviewing the itinerary, schedules and departmental expectations. Plan interactive and engaging research and teaching presentations tailored to the specific audience, showcasing your ability to communicate complex ideas effectively. Bring a notebook or tablet to write questions and answers to consider if you get an offer. Have your travel bags ready, because interview offers might come with little notice.
Prepare to be tired
Our interviews generally lasted one or two days. There is talking, walking and eating! Even when you are excited about a particular interview, the process can take a toll on you. If you can, schedule some rest time, and wear professional but comfortable clothes and shoes during interview days.
A year in the life: what I learnt from using a time-tracking spreadsheet
Negotiate job offers effectively
If you receive job offers, you must negotiate effectively to secure the best possible terms. Look up salary expectations and the cost of living in the area to inform your negotiation. Consider negotiating not only the financial aspects, but also your teaching load, research support, start-up funds and professional-development opportunities. Communicate your needs and expectations while remaining professional and open to a collaborative negotiation process. Be ready to negotiate over the phone or through e-mail.
Leverage multiple offers
If, like we did, you find yourself with multiple job offers, it’s essential to understand that each offer can serve as leverage in negotiations. Sharing — without fully disclosing the names of the places where you have other opportunities — can prompt institutions to improve their offers. Approach this carefully, ensuring that you communicate in a way that is professional and not confrontational. Express enthusiasm for each opportunity while highlighting your desire to make the best decision on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of all offers. We used these negotiations as opportunities to find the institutions that would best support our research.
Three actions PhD-holders should take to land their next job
Seek guidance and support
Throughout the job-search process, seek guidance and support from mentors, faculty advisers or career consultants. They can provide valuable insights, review your negotiation strategies and offer advice from their own experiences. When considering benefits across multiple institutions, such as health insurance and retirement plans, we consulted financial advisers to determine our best paths.
Overall, we think that, with a strategic, personalized approach, complemented by a willingness to learn from each experience, PhD students can enhance their appeal to hiring committees, turning the daunting journey towards tenure-track positions into a series of informed, strategic steps. And if you can find a friend during this process, as we found in each other — to vent to, compare notes with, talk you out of your moments of self-doubt and offer encouragement — consider yourself extra lucky!
This item sold for a value that may set a new record for a business card with signature. Photo: RR Auction/Cult of Mac
Steve Jobs’ business card bearing the signature of the Apple cofounder himself sold at auction for an amazing value: over $180,000. This is supposedly the most ever paid for a signed business card.
A collection of other Apple memorabilia brought in big bucks at the same auction, a sign of the popularity of rare items from the iPhone-maker.
Steve Jobs signature brings top value
Anything Jobs signed is valuable, and not just because he was a cofounder of Apple and the face of the company for decades. He’s someone who didn’t sign many autographs, so there aren’t huge numbers of pieces of paper floating around with his signature.
And the business card is a stand out. It’s from circa 1983, the year before the release of the original Macintosh, and has the original Apple rainbow logo. It’s in near perfect condition, and was graded by PSA/DNA as GEM MT 10.
“The sale of the Steve Jobs-signed Apple business card for over $180,000 sets a new standard in autographed business cards. It’s a testament to the enduring legacy of Jobs and the profound impact of Apple on our modern world,” said Bobby Livingston, Executive VP at RR Auction, who handled the sale.
Other items bearing the signature of Apple’s co-founder have fetched large sums in the past. A check made out to a consulting firm in 1976 brought in $107,000 at auction last spring, while one made out to Radio Shack in that same year sold late last year for $46,000.
Other items included an Apple-1 Computer signed by Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak that brought in $323,789. Additionally, a factory-sealed 4GB original 2007 iPhone sold for $147,286.
Jobs and Wozniak united to form Apple Computer in the 1970s, a collaboration that led to the Macintosh in 1984. Almost anything that bears the signature of one or both of them always does well at auction.
A rare Apple Computer business card signed by Steve Jobs recently sold for $181,183 at auction, according to Boston-based RR Auction.
The business card is from 1983, and it has been authenticated by well-known memorabilia grading service PSA, according to the auction listing. It features Apple’s old six-color logo, and it lists the company’s former address of 10495 Bandley Drive, in Cupertino, California. Jobs is listed as the Chairman of Apple’s Board of Directors.
RR Auction believes this sale has set a new record-high price for a signed business card.
Jobs passed away in 2011 at the age of 56. Throughout his career, he was reluctant to sign autographs, so items with his signature on them often sell for large sums of money. Last year, for example, a check signed by Jobs sold for over $100,000 at auction.
Apple’s iPhone development roadmap runs several years into the future and the company is continually working with suppliers on several successive iPhone models concurrently, which is why we sometimes get rumored feature leaks so far ahead of launch. The iPhone 17 series is no different, and already we have some idea of what to expect from Apple’s 2025 smartphone lineup. If you plan to skip…
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Powell, a graduate student in the business school, arrived late for Jobs’ presentation. She wound up getting a front-row seat and, afterward, talked with the Apple co-founder. According to Powell, she didn’t know exactly who Jobs was — and even confused him with Microsoft founder Bill Gates.
A chance meeting?
Others who knew her and Jobs disagreed with her recollection, suggesting that she set out to meet him.
“Laurene is nice, but she can be calculating, and I think she targeted him from the beginning,” former Macintosh software engineer Andy Hertzfeld told Jobs biographer Walter Isaacson.
Either way, Jobs asked Powell out on a date, and the two became involved. He asked her to marry him on the first day of 1990. However, once she accepted, he stopped mentioning their engagement. After a fractious few months, Jobs finally bought her a wedding ring in October 1990.
Before meeting Powell, Jobs dated Tina Redse. They enjoyed an on-again, off-again relationship for several years. The couple even discussed marriage, but Redse says she turned down a proposal from Jobs.
Steve Jobs gets married at last
The Jobs-Powell wedding took place in March 1991. Around 50 people attended, including Jobs’ adoptive father Paul Jobs and sister Mona Simpson. The service — overseen by Zen Buddhist monk Kōbun Chino Otogawa, who struck a gong and lit incense — proved confusing to many of the guests.
After the ceremony, the group ate a vegan wedding cake shaped like the Half Dome rock formation that towers over one end of Yosemite Valley. Then they went hiking in the snow.
At the time of the wedding, Powell was pregnant with the couple’s oldest child, Reed. Two more children, Erin Sienna and Eve, followed.
With generative AI transforming the way businesses around the world work, plan and evolve, the need to ensure the data such platforms use and generate is paramount.
Although primarily still seen as a cloud and storage leader, Amazon Web Services is looking to play a key role in ensuring businesses of all sizes remain safe against the myriad of security threats facing organizations today.
And with generative AI’s increasing popularity leading to an explosion in possible security threats, the company is setting out its stall to be the ideal ally when it comes to keeping your data protected in the generative AI age.
Raising the bar
“There’s always work to be done in security to continue to raise the bar – the question is, where are the risks, and how are you focusing on them?” Chris Betz, AWS CISO tells TechRadar Pro in an exclusive interview.
Generative AI is set to provide lots of advantages, but broken down to its simplest form, Betz notes that the platforms need to have due care and attention.
“Speaking to CISOs, there is a recognition that generative AI models are code,” he laughs. “And like code, it’s important that you have all of the protections you would normally have around any software program.”
(Image credit: Future / Mike Moore)
As mentioned, AWS’ expertise across much of the technology industry means it is in a good place to provide these protections as part of an all-round offering – especially good news if your workers are already familiar with AWS technologies.
“One of the most amazing things about the infrastructure we’ve built here at AWS is that you build and secure as one consistent natural motion,” Betz notes, highlighting the importance of how generative AI fits within overall security applications, as companies don’t just utilize generative AI on its own, but as part of a wider solution.
“To take full advantage of generative AI, you have to be able to get large volumes of data in close proximity to incredible processing power, and be able to protect that data throughout – because in some cases, some of the most sensitive data you have, that makes your business unique, is that data you want to bring to your model, in order to train it and educate it.”
“That’s part of the reason why we designed the (AWS security) platform – we wanted to offer choice within so you can have the same foundation, and then bring different platforms…it’s really about providing builders with choice, and the tools they need.”
Betz says that generative AI has to fit within a company’s existing systems, and that, “bringing all this together, running on a platform, that operates within a suite of other technologies, all within a consistent security wrapper, is incredibly valuable”.
“Gen AI is an incredibly powerful tool for answering a certain set of questions,” he adds, “my goal with security, and technology in general, is to enable people to do smart, high judgement work, and have the computers do the rest.”
(Image credit: Shutterstock / LookerStudio)
As with any new technology, the question emerges of the role actual humans will need to play – especially as much of the promotion around generative AI is concerned with making our lives easier.
But with humans often proving the weakest link when it comes to cybersecurity, can AI-powered systems finally help lessen the risk?
Betz is cagey, noting that although generative AI is really good at bringing together massive amounts of data and helping us understand it, “I don’t yet see it as a replacement for human judgement – but it’s an incredible way for people to look and find answers faster and easier.”
Instead, he says it can play a key role as a part of a suite of technologies that’s poised to keep helping us solve problems, with computers sticking to solving the problems they are best suited for.
“People solve really hard and thoughtful problems, and they should, like with any technology, question the data they are getting, and make sure that they’ve got the quality that we want,” he notes.
“I want the secure way to be the easy way – and I want the easy way to be the secure way,” he adds, using humans being distracted by a potential phishing email test from their company’s IT team as an example. “When security is a seamless part of how we do our jobs, it works best – when there’s friction, and people have to stop doing the job that they’re trying to to do to pause and think about security, that’s where we are in the riskiest position, where human judgement can go wrong.”
Overall, Betz is confident about the role of generative AI within the technology industry as a whole, and with AWS leading the way in so many areas, this confidence looks well-placed.
“I’m really excited to see where we go with generative AI over the next 12 months,” Betz concludes, “as an industry, we’ve got a solid foundation, at least within AWS – and I’m really interested to see where as we continue to build and explore, but also continue to make it safer for people to use these technologies.”