Category: Computers

Toshiba researchers have achieved a breakthrough in quantum computing architecture by developing a basic dual transmon connector design that will improve the speed and accuracy of quantum computers compared to custom connectors. The coupler is a key element that determines the performance of superconducting quantum computers.

Tunable connectors in a superconducting quantum computer connect two quantum bits and perform quantum calculations by turning the connection between them on and off. Current technology can disable narrow frequency transmon qubit coupling, but this is subject to crosstalk errors that occur in one of the qubits when the other qubit is irradiated with electromagnetic waves for control. In addition, current technologies cannot completely disable the coupling of qubits with significantly different frequencies, which leads to errors due to residual coupling.

Recently, Toshiba has developed a dual transmon coupler that can completely turn on and off communication between qubits with completely different frequencies. Full-on enables high-speed, tightly coupled quantum computing, while full-off eliminates residual coupling, improving the speed and accuracy of quantum computing. Simulations using the new technology have shown that it performs two-qubit gates, the core operations of quantum computing, with 99.99% accuracy and a processing time of just 24 ns.

Toshiba's dual coupler can be applied to fixed-frequency transmon qubits to ensure high stability and ease of design. It is the first device to achieve communication between fixed-frequency transmon qubits with completely different frequencies that can be completely turned on and off, and offers an accurate high-speed two-qubit gate.

This technology is expected to spur the creation of more powerful quantum computers that will help in areas such as achieving carbon neutrality and developing new drugs. Details of the technology are published in the journal Physical Review Applied.

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Quantum mechanics describes the invisible world of atoms and molecules in terms of states of quantum superposition, which allow a physical system to be in two completely different states at the same time. Quantum computers use this mysterious property to perform calculations that are nearly impossible with conventional computers, and this capability has received a lot of attention in recent years.

Quantum computers use qubits in quantum superposition states 0 and 1 to perform calculations. All quantum computing is done using two basic operations: single-qubit gates and two-qubit gates. To implement high-performance quantum computers, we need fast and accurate gate operations.

The development of quantum computers is being encouraged around the world, which has led to the adoption of several approaches, with proposals ranging from the manipulation of individual atoms or ions to the use of semiconductors and circuits in superconductors. The superconducting circuit approach is currently considered to be advantageous in terms of realizing quantum superposition states in large circuits and relatively easy to achieve the strong coupling of qubits, which is necessary for high-speed implementation of two-valve gates.

The connection of qubits is carried out using a connector. Until recently, thrust bearings were fixed clutches with a constant clutch force, but now attention is turning to adjustable clutches, which are considered to have the adjustable clutch force needed to improve performance.

Tunable couplers meet conflicting requirements: a fast, tightly coupled two-qubit gate, and the ability to reduce residual coupling errors by disabling coupling. It is also preferable that the qubit used in the calculations is a fixed frequency transmon qubit, which is very stable, has a simple structure, and is easy to fabricate.

In addition, the frequencies of the two coupled qubits should be significantly different, since this reduces crosstalk errors and prevents deviations from the calculated qubit frequencies, increasing the productivity of device fabrication. The problem here, however, is that no custom connector has yet been able to combine full decoupling and fast two-qubit gating operations for two fixed-frequency transmonqubits with significantly different frequencies.

Features of the new technology.

Toshiba researchers have developed a dual transmon coupler, the world's first tunable coupler capable of completely disconnecting both links and driving both high-speed qubit gates for two fixed-frequency transmon qubits at completely different frequencies.

The double thunk consists of two fixed-frequency transmon qubits along with two other fixed-frequency transmon qubits used for the calculation. A double transmon tap has one loop, and the three crosses in the loop represent two Josephson transmon connections and one additional Josephson connection. The magnetic flux in the Φex loop can be adjusted using an external magnetic field to bring the coupling strength between the qubits on both sides to exactly zero and completely disable the coupling.

The coupling strength can also be increased to tens of megahertz by increasing the magnetic flux, allowing fast operations on two qubits. Simulations have shown that triggering is possible with 99.99% accuracy with a trigger time of just 24 ns. Therefore, the coupler should contribute to the creation of more efficient quantum computers.

Further information: Hayato Goto, Double Transducer: A Fast Two-Qubit Gate without Residual Coupling for Highly Detuned Superconducting Qubits, Applied Physics Review (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.18.034038

Provided by Toshiba Corporation.

Citation: Double transmon coupler will make superconducting quantum computers faster and more accurate (2022-09-15) -superconductor.html

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Suppression of quantum errors in superconducting circuits

Tattooing is usually a slow and deliberate process that has become very popular in recent decades. You come up with an idea or choose a drawing from a flash drive or folder, and then your artist will draw the image and create a stencil. They talk about design and last-minute adjustments. Finally, your artist will spend the next few hours masterfully painting the color onto your skin.

Getting a tattoo is not only an investment of money, but also an investment of time, not to mention the pain you feel during the application. That is, unless you're a 10-year-old who meets the King of Staten Island on the beach and gives you a free tattoo. This is a bad decision both in the film and after it, but it could have been worse. After the turn, the boy left and ran home. Probably for the best, getting a free tattoo from a stranger on the beach isn't a very big life decision, especially if you're in fifth grade.

But in the future, this child may never return. According to a recent article published in the journal iScience, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a patch that can painlessly transfer an entire tattoo in just a few minutes.

The patch is similar to a bandage, except that it is equipped with a series of small needles to which the patch is usually attached. The needle contains tattoo ink that is designed to stay permanently on the skin. According to the team, the needle is so small that you don't feel it pierce the skin and blood doesn't flow. Most importantly, you can still spray paint safely. It's all about its unusual structure.

Most needles, even the smallest ones, are made of hard materials such as metal, glass, ceramic, or some polymers. These tattoo patch microneedles take a different approach. The needles themselves are made in a container that dissolves the tattoo ink.

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Medical microinjection Photo: Georgia Institute of Technology

The researcher began by placing the needle in the correct position. Today you can make small shapes, letters and numbers. Then color is added and a cap is put on the back of the needle. By pressing the pad on the desired surface, the needle moves into the body. The patch is then left for a few minutes, allowing the needle to dissolve on its own, leaving the dye behind. Because it gets a point of color by injection, the resulting image is reminiscent of retro video games or pixel art. In the future, you will be able to easily create your own pixel art on your computer and display those pixels with microneedles filled with the appropriate color. Just press and in a few minutes permanent pixel art will appear on your body.

The researchers obviously don't think it can replace the traditional tattoo, but it could be an option for those who don't want to endure thousands of hours of charcoal drilling. It may have medical applications including medical alert technology, radiotherapy guidance, and post-operative or cosmetic procedures. In addition, the injection works with black light, which is only visible under ultraviolet light. This can provide additional privacy by permanently recording medical information on your body. It's great too.

Of course, the question arises whether these patches can achieve the same immortality as ordinary tattoos. Tattooing is a perfect art form that has been practiced for thousands of years. We have endless and growing evidence that tattoos are an effective way to leave indelible marks on the skin. Transferring the process to new technology raises some questions about how these tattoo variations compare.

The researchers conducted follow-up after the tattoos were applied and found that the tattoos lasted at least a year and showed no signs of fading. As with any tattoo, the evidence shows that they are permanent. No pain and no chance to go back to bad decisions before it's too late.

In the future, people will have to live in salons where advertising hangs around the clock.

This is just one of our Always Amazed stories, answering your questions about the world of business, big or small. Have you ever wondered if it's worth recycling? Or how do private labels compare to well-known brands? See more of the series here.

Listener Mike Seander from Brooklyn, Maine asks:

The last four laptops I bought cost around $2,000 and were workstation replacements—great machines for running computer-aided design programs. The quality of each notebook line has improved, which seems to confirm the notion that innovation drives down the cost of technology. But surprisingly, they all cost the same. In the tech industry, is value based on what the consumer pays, not how much the device costs to make?

Inflation dominated economic news at the highest level in four decades. Consumer prices rose at an annual rate of 8.3% in August. However, computers fall into a category known as general inflation.

"That means they're going to get cheaper over time," said Avi Greengart, president and principal analyst at Exponential. "As engineers and scientists improve technology and add this new technology to your new laptop, it makes sense that the price seems stable."

For high-end flagship laptops, look for prices ranging from $1,000 to $1,500. Some advanced machines with larger memory capacity and better graphics can cost upwards of $2,000. Greengart added that most people still buy laptops for less than $800, and many school districts that buy computers in bulk sell 200 Chromebooks.

So it costs more to buy a higher-end laptop, but prices for same-tier products tend to fluctuate in the same range over time, says Carolina Milanesi, president and principal analyst at Creative Strategies. .

The price of Greengart's computers is controversial because it follows Moore's Law, named for Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel Corporation, which describes how advances in semiconductor technology reduce the cost of computing power.

"Over time, engineers and scientists have been able to fit more transistors on a chip," Greengart said.

"Making these chips smaller creates a bigger, better product, allowing them to stay at or below the same price with higher performance over time," he added. “Usually these products get better and cheaper over time. And manufacturers are trying to make it better so you can keep spending the same money.”

Tom Mainelli, vice president of IDC's Device and Consumer Research Group, noted that the PC market is very competitive.

"If someone is selling their product at a higher price than a comparable product, it can be hard to sell," he said.

The epidemic and the cost of technology

Experts noted that the pandemic, which has pushed people out of offices and other gathering places, has changed some consumption habits.

For example, you may need a better webcam, Greengart says, thanks to remote work and limited face-to-face interactions. And some consumers have turned to high-end laptops for their gaming prowess.

Before the Covid-19 crisis, Milanesi said, consumers may not have looked beyond the $1,000 price tag and upgraded their computers in years.

"The computer was probably in our home office or bedroom. We go there to do things like our taxes or things that aren't necessarily fun," Milanesi said. "Then during the Covid season, we started to do more in terms of entertainment and productivity."

Because people were staying home, not traveling or eating out, they felt they needed a new computer to make the most of their limited lifestyle, said IDC's Mainelli.

At the time of the outbreak, according to Greengart, there was a shortage of graphics cards that made it difficult to supply computers. But that trend has changed in the last six to 12 months, as the cryptocurrency crisis has depleted these cards.

"Now we are seeing better supply and lower demand," he said. Most purchases in 2022 or 2023 are must-haves in 2020 and 2021, so getting a laptop is pretty easy.

The global chip shortage has prompted some companies to raise the price of their products by as much as $50 in the first half of 2021, The Wall Street Journal reports. The Consumer Price Index for computers, peripherals (such as monitors and printers), and smart home devices showed that prices rose from the start of the pandemic through early 2022 and are now falling.

Milanesi said that during the epidemic, vendors were careful about supply and didn't want to change prices too much, so they chose to keep only a limited number of computers.

"What he saw was that consumers were buying what was available," he said.

IDC's Mainelli reiterated that point, saying average retail prices can be misleading because people bought better PCs during the pandemic than they did three or five years ago.

In other words, the manufacturers did not raise the price of a computer from $500 to $1,000. Consumers bought these $1,000 PCs for the reasons outlined above: limited supply at the low end and a desire to work and play on more powerful computers while stuck at home.

"If you're a computer vendor and you say, 'Okay, I can only make 100 laptops. Should I make 100 of the cheapest laptops or 100 of the most expensive?' You can imagine how they would react," Menally said.

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World computer market

Dublin, 14 September 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The 2022 Global PC Market Report by Type, Application and Distribution Channel has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com’s offering.

The global PC market is expected to grow from $369.94 billion in 2021 to $410.40 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9%. The growth is mainly due to companies restructuring their operations and recovering from the impact of COVID-19, which previously led to restrictive measures, including social distancing, remote work and business closures, which led to operational problems. The market is expected to reach $595.93 billion by 2026 at a CAGR of 9.8%.

Asia Pacific was the largest in the IT market in 2021. North America was second in the IT market. The regions covered by the computer equipment market include Asia Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East and Africa.

The PC market is expected to support the rapid growth of investment in smart city projects in many countries around the world. Smart city technologies use information and communication technologies to effectively manage and operate city services, including transportation systems, water supply, and law enforcement.

These technologies are connected through IoT technology. The Internet of Things is a combination of computing devices and mechanical and digital objects. This system facilitates the transfer of data over a network without human intervention with minimal human-computer interaction. Smart cities use computers and related devices, which is beneficial for companies operating in this market.

APG General Pension Group NV has announced a €250 million investment in its smart city infrastructure fund to develop smart city projects in North America, Europe, Australia and other major metropolitan areas around the world. The concept of smart cities is also becoming more popular in developing countries. For example, there are more than 1,000 smart city pilot projects in the world already completed or under construction, and about 500 of them are in China.

In developed countries, especially in the US and Europe, interest rates are expected to rise between 2019 and 2022, making life harder and more expensive for PC makers. The advantage of the IT market is that it requires large capital investments to operate, repair, upgrade and expand the business.

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Therefore, changes in the economy, such as changes in interest rates, are expected to have a significant impact on profit margins, cost structures, and business expansion strategies in the cloud services market. For example, the US Federal Reserve is expected to raise its interest rates in 2021. This, in turn, will hinder the operation and expansion of business in the cloud services market.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as the next big trend in the IT market that could impact the entire spectrum of activities. The Internet of Things has brought together the physical world and the world of the Internet to open up a range of opportunities for businesses, governments and consumers. The Internet of Things is a complex ecosystem that includes multiple players such as hardware vendors, telecom providers, software vendors, and IT service providers. For example, August Smart Lock uses an IoT platform to automatically lock and unlock the front door of a user’s home and can provide remote access to guests, friends, or employees.

Volume of covered markets. 1) By type: PC; notebook. tablets; Other computers 2) Use the application: Household. Commercial 3) Distribution channel: business to business (B2B); Business to Consumer (B2C)

Main topics covered:

1. Resume

2. Structure of the report

3. Characteristics of the computer equipment market

4. Product analysis of the computer equipment market

5. Supply chain in the IT equipment market

6. Information for PC market customers

7. Trends and strategies of the computer equipment market

8. Impact of COVID-19 on computers

9. Size and growth of the computer hardware market

10. Regional analysis of the computer equipment market

11. Segmentation of the PC market

12. PC Market Performance

13. Asia-Pacific IT market

14. IT market of Western Europe

15. IT market of Eastern Europe

16. North American computer market

17. South American computer market

18. IT market in the Middle East

19. African IT market

20. Competitive environment in the computer equipment market

21. Major mergers and acquisitions in the computer equipment market

22. Market context. PC Market:

23- Recommendations

24. Application

25. Copyright and Disclaimer

companies said

For more information about this report, visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/v4wks6.

Attached

Contact: ResearchAndMarkets.com Laura Wood, Senior Press Officer [email protected] For EST business hours, call 1-917-300-0470 in the US. You can call toll-free 1-800-526-8630 during GMT business hours. +353-1-416-8900

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